Effective python – 例29 在comprehensions中使用assignment expressions

stock = {
    'nails': 125,
    'screws': 35,
    'wingnuts': 8,
    'washers': 24,
}

def get_batches(count, size):
    return count // size

comprehensions是python常用的一個功能，可以快速生成list, dict, set等變數。但有時會出現一些重覆的計算…

order = ['screws', 'wingnuts', ' clips']

found = {name: get_batches(stock.get(name, 0), 8)
         for name in order
         if get_batches(stock.get(name, 0), 8)}
print(found)

{‘screws’: 4, ‘wingnuts’: 1}

現在我們可以用assignment expressions( :=，又稱walrus operator)來減少這些重覆語句的出現。

found = {name: batches for name in order
         if (batches := get_batches(stock.get(name, 0), 8))}

print(found)

不過要小心assignment expressions可能會汙染comprehensions外的scope，所以本書只建議在if的區域使用assignment expressions。

half = [(last := count // 2) for count in stock.values()]
print(last)
#12
print(batches)
#0

但實際上if區域的變數也是會汙染，書中的建議原因不太確定為何。